Poison
A poison is a substance capable of producing adverse effects on an individual under appropriate conditions. The term “substance” is almost always synonymous with “chemical” and includes drugs, vitamins, pesticides, pollutants, and proteins.
The term “adverse effects” above refers to the injury, such as structural damage to tissues. “Appropriate conditions” refers to the dosage of the substance that is sufficient to cause these adverse effects. The dose concept is important because according to it even a substance as innocuous as water is poisonous if too much is ingested. Whether a drug acts as a therapy or as a poison depends on the dose.
Poisoning
In poisoning, the organism is exposed to the toxic chemical. When a toxic level of the chemical is accumulated in the cells of the target tissue or organ, the resultant injury to the cells disrupts their normal structure or function. Symptoms and toxic signs then develop, and, if the toxicity is severe enough, death may result.
Forensic Toxicologist
Forensic toxicologists perform scientific tests on bodily fluids and tissue samples to identify any drugs or chemicals present in the body. They:
- Establish cause and manner of death
- Detect intentional or accidental poisoning
- Aid in criminal trials as expert testimony
- Support or refute suspicions of foul play
Forensic Pathologist – Forensic pathologists are physicians who investigate unexpected, suspicious, and unnatural deaths, typically by performing autopsies. It involves preservation of viscera, blood, urine, and gastric contents. These samples are sent for chemical analysis to the forensic toxicologists. Any delay or mishandling can weaken the prosecution’s case.
Law Enforcement & Legal Aspects
- Toxicology reports are crucial in medicolegal autopsies
- Poisoning cases often invoke IPC Sections 299, 300, 302, 304, 328 (in India)
- Requires expert testimony in court proceedings